Many of the plants are reproduced by means of seeds which vary in size and shape. Seeds of palm trees are very big and quite heavy whereas those of peas are very tiny and more or less weightless. Orchid seeds are very small and negligible in weight. For example, seeds of certain palm trees growing in Seychelles Islands, Eastern Africa, surrounded by the Indian Ocean are 18 inches long,more than eight inches thick and weigh about 20 kilograms. Whatever their structure, all seeds have the same purpose of reproduction but some seeds serve directly as food for consumption like rice, wheat, corn, peas, peanuts, soybeans, etc, all of them belonging to the grass family. Poultry birds and livestock eat seeds and convert them into animal protein, which eventually become human food. Seeds germinate into new plants under favourable conditions like warmth,abundant moisture, and an adequate supply of oxygen. Most seeds, however, take longer time to germinate and lie dormant for months, depending on weather.Vegetable oils for cooking purposes are derived from seeds and some seeds can be scientifically processed to produce milk, butter, cheese, soaps, paints,lubricants, etc. A few seeds possess a spicy taste like mustard, pepper, etc.which add flavor to food. Tea, coffee, cocoa and alcoholic beverages are obtained from seeds.
Plants are static and cannot move from one place to another, but their seeds are dispersed to different corners by agents of nature like wind, cyclones and rain.Insects, birds, animals and humans are indirectly responsible for transport of seeds to different parts of the globe. They eat the seeds and then the undigested portions are passed off to the ground at the time of cleansing their bowels. Humans, however, have been great agents by carrying seeds from one place to another in order to plant them. When Christopher Columbus discovered the New World in 1492 CE he introduced many of the seeds that he carried from the Old World. Again, on his return journey he took seeds of some plant species for planting in Spain which gradually spread to other European nations. Seeds that flourish in one area may not survive in another area while some grow abundantly in new surroundings. Scientists and researchers who observe keenly and experiment accordingly come out with new hybrids which greatly benefit farmers. In order to feed the ever-increasing human population, advanced countries spend considerable amount of money in research and development  and thus manage not only to feed their respective citizens but also export surplus to other deficit nations thus earning huge profit in return.
From time to time, the Government of India has been continuously engaged in interacting with the farming community and extending necessary assistance like certified seeds whose demand increases with each successive year. Priority is given to seed sand Acts are introduced with suitable amendments, if and when occasion arises. Factors responsible for implementation are to create a facilitative climate for growth of seed industry; enhance seed replacement rates for various crops;boost export of seeds, etc and create conducive atmosphere for application of science and technology in research and development.